Heterogeneous Interrupts for Ultra-Low Latency Embedded RISC-V Systems
2026-06-10 , Poster Island D

Reactive real-time systems rely on preemption and, by extension, context switching (CS) to schedule critical tasks. Short, frequent interrupt routines may use a disproportinally large ammount of time and energy for CS rather than core application functionality. Replicated register files (RRFs) are an established solution for fast CS, but area-intensive and poorly scalable. This abstract presents the heterogeneous interrupt architecture, a solution for targeted use of RRFs that maintains area-efficiency, and the parallel context stack (PCS), a novel RRF microarchitecture. The proposed concepts are evaluated with implementations in TSMC 22-nm and a periodic task case study. The implementation in a RISC-V microcontroller system demonstrates a 1.2% area overhead with no timing detriment for the PCS, while the case study demonstrates a reduction in clock cycles and retired instructions of up to 26% and 21%, respectively.

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Antti Nurmi received the B.Sc. degree in electronics and the M.Sc. degree in embedded systems from Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, in 2019 and 2022, respectively, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in computer engineering at the SoC Hub Research Centre. His research interests include predictable computer architecture, embedded real-time systems, RISC-V, and SoC design.